Gallium silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Ga miwah wilangan atom 31. Datu gallium punika logam sané kalis miwah mawarna kapérakan ring suhu miwah tekanan standar ; Manawi ring rupa éncéh nyané manados putih masawang pérak. Pinaka kaakéhan wasa kaicain, galium prasida lung konkoidali . Punika magenah ring seka 13 saking tabél périodik, miwah punika cecirén ipun sekadi logam liyanan saking waték punika, aluminium , indium , miwah thallium .
Gallium, 31 Ga Pabaosan (GAL -ee-əm ) Cingakan pelung pérak Bobot atom standar A r, std (Ga) 7001697230000000000♠ 69.723(1)[ 1]
Wilangan atom (Z ) 31 Watek golongan 13 (golongan boron) Période période 4 Blok blok-p Konpigurasi éléktron [Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p1 Éléktron per kulit 2, 8, 18, 3 Pase ring STP padet Titik lebur 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F) Titik didih 2673 K (2400 °C, 4352 °F)[ 2] Kapadetan (nampek s.r. ) 5.91 g/cm3 ri kala éncéh (ring t.l. ) 6.095 g/cm3 Panes fusi 5.59 kJ/mol Panes panguapan 256 kJ/mol[ 2] Kapasitas panes molar 25.86 J/(mol·K) Tekanan uap
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1310
1448
1620
1838
2125
2518
Paindikan oksidasi −5, −4, −3,[ 3] −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 [ 4] (oksida ampotér ) Kaéléktronégatipan skala Pauling: 1.81 Wasa ionisasi ka-1: 578.8 kJ/mol ka-2: 1979.3 kJ/mol ka-3: 2963 kJ/mol (malih ) Jeriji atom émpiris: 135 pm Jeriji kovalén 122±3 pm Jeriji Van der Waals 187 pm Garis spéktral saking galliumRupa alami primordial Struktur kristal ortorombus Kagelisan swara pales tipis 2740 m/s (ring 20 °C) Ékspansi térmal 18 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C) Konduktivitas térmal 40.6 W/(m⋅K) Resistivitas listrik 270 nΩ⋅m (ring 20 °C) bacakan magnétik diamagnétik Karentanan magnétik molar 3004784000000000000♠ −21.6× 10−6 cm3 /mol (ring 290 K)[ 5] Modulus Young 9.8 GPa Rasio Poisson 0.47 Kakatosan Mohs 1.5 Kakatosan Brinell 56.8–68.7 MPa Nomor CAS 7440-55-3 Pangaranan mawit Gallia (Latin antuk: Prancis), umah genah pacundukan Pancawangan Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) Panemuan miwah isolasi kapertamaLecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
Kategori:Gallium | pustaka
↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry . 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 .
↑ 2,0 2,1 Zhang Y; Evans JRG; Zhang S (2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks" . J. Chem. Eng. Data . 56 (2): 328–337. doi :10.1021/je1011086 .
↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)x (Si,Ge)1-x . Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF) . Z. Naturforsch. (ring Jerman). 66b : 1107–1121.
↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (Thesis) (ring Jerman). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi :10.3929/ethz-a-001859893 . hdl :20.500.11850/143357 . ISBN 978-3728125972 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .