Aluminium
Aluminium utawi aluminum silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Al miwah wilangan atom 13. Aluminium madué massa jenis sané luwih éndép pantaraning sareng logam ketah liyanan, sawatara apertiga saking baja. Ipun ngelah afinitas sané ageng majeng oksigén, miwah ngawentuk lapisan pasaiban saking oksida ring pamukaan ri kala keni udara. Aluminium kacingak sekadi pérak, ring warna miwah kamampuan antuk mantulang sunar. Ipun belek, tan-magnetis miwah ulet. Ipun ngelah satunggil isotop tegteg, 27Al; isotop puniki sangat umum, manadosang aluminium datu pinih umum karoras ring palemahan semesta. Radioaktivitas 26Al kaanggén ring radiodating.
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Aluminium ᵒaluminiyum· | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Pabaosan |
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Aran tiosan | aluminum (A.S., Kanada) | |||||||||||||||||||
Cingakan | klau masawang pérak métalik | |||||||||||||||||||
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Al) | 5384(3) 26.981[1] | |||||||||||||||||||
Aluminium ring tabél périodik | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Wilangan atom (Z) | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
Watek | golongan 13 (golongan boron) | |||||||||||||||||||
Période | période 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Blok | blok-p | |||||||||||||||||||
Konpigurasi éléktron | [Né] 3s2 3p1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Éléktron per kulit | 2, 8, 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cecirén pisik | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pase ring STP | padet | |||||||||||||||||||
Titik lebur | 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) | |||||||||||||||||||
Titik didih | 2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) | |||||||||||||||||||
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.) | 2.70 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||||||
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.) | 2.375 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Panes fusi | 10.71 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||
Panes panguapan | 284 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||
Kapasitas panes molar | 24.20 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||||||
Tekanan uap
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Cecirén atom | ||||||||||||||||||||
Paindikan oksidasi | −2, −1, +1,[2] +2,[3] +3 (oksida ampotér) | |||||||||||||||||||
Kaéléktronégatipan | skala Pauling: 1.61 | |||||||||||||||||||
Wasa ionisasi |
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Jeriji atom | émpiris: 143 pm | |||||||||||||||||||
Jeriji kovalén | 121±4 pm | |||||||||||||||||||
Jeriji Van der Waals | 184 pm | |||||||||||||||||||
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Cecirén liyanan | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rupa alami | primordial | |||||||||||||||||||
Struktur kristal | kubus mapusat muka (fcc) | |||||||||||||||||||
Kagelisan swara pales tipis | (kaglilik) 5000 m/s (ring r.t.) | |||||||||||||||||||
Ékspansi térmal | 23.1 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C) | |||||||||||||||||||
Konduktivitas térmal | 237 W/(m⋅K) | |||||||||||||||||||
Resistivitas listrik | 26.5 nΩ⋅m (ring 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||||||
bacakan magnétik | paramagnétik[4] | |||||||||||||||||||
Karentanan magnétik molar | ×10−6 cm3/mol +16.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Modulus Young | 70 GPa | |||||||||||||||||||
Modulus Shear | 26 GPa | |||||||||||||||||||
Modulus Bulk | 76 GPa | |||||||||||||||||||
Rasio Poisson | 0.35 | |||||||||||||||||||
Kakatosan Mohs | 2.75 | |||||||||||||||||||
Kakatosan Vickers | 160–350 MPa | |||||||||||||||||||
Kakatosan Brinell | 160–550 MPa | |||||||||||||||||||
Nomor CAS | 7429-90-5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Lelintihan | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pangaranan | saking alumine, aran sadurungné antuk alumina | |||||||||||||||||||
Pancawangan | Antoine Lavoisier (1782) | |||||||||||||||||||
Panemuan | Hans Christian Ørsted (1824) | |||||||||||||||||||
Kaaranin olih | Humphry Davy (1812[lower-alpha 1]) | |||||||||||||||||||
Isotop utama aluminium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Cutetan Uah
- ↑ Pawigunaan kruna aluminum warsa 1812 olih Davy sampun ngamalunin pawigunaan aluminium olih panyurat liyanan. Menawi, Davy ketah ketah kanikayang manados jadma sané ngaranin datu punika; ida pinaka jadma kapertama sané ngicain aran aluminium: Ida nganggé aluminum warsa 1808. Panyurat liyanan tan narima aran punika, ngamilih aluminium manados pagentos nyané. Cingak selantur nyané iriki.
Pustaka Uah
- ↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
- ↑ D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
- ↑ Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-81st). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.
Suratan Uah
- Davis, J. R. (1999). Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (ring Inggris). ASM International. ISBN 978-1-61503-238-9.
- Dean, J. A. (1999). Lange's handbook of chemistry (édisi ka-15). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-016384-3. OCLC 40213725.
- Drozdov, A. (2007). Aluminium: The Thirteenth Element. RUSAL Library. ISBN 978-5-91523-002-5.
- Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (édisi ka-2nd). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- King, R. B. (1995). Inorganic Chemistry of Main Group Elements. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-0-471-18602-1.
- Lide, D. R., ed. (2004). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-84). CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0566-5.
- Nappi, C. (2013). The global aluminium industry 40 years from 1972 (PDF) (Report). International Aluminium Institute. Kaaksés 10 November 2017.
- Richards, J. W. (1896). Aluminium: Its history, occurrence, properties, metallurgy and applications, including its alloys (édisi ka-3). Henry Carey Baird & Co.
- Schmitz, C. (2006). Handbook of Aluminium Recycling (ring Inggris). Vulkan-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-8027-2936-2.
Wacénan lanturan Uah
- Mimi Sheller, Aluminum Dream: The Making of Light Modernity. Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 2014.
Pranala jaba Uah
Wikimédia Commons madué média indik Aluminium. |
- Aluminium ring The Periodic Table of Videos (Universitas Nottingham)
- Portal Zat Matuba - Aluminium – saking Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Departemén Kakenakan miwah Layanan Kamanusaan Amérika Serikat
- CDC – NIOSH Buku Panduan antuk Baya Kimia - Aluminium
- World production of primary aluminium, by country
- Lelintihan ajin aluminium, mawit IMF
- History of Aluminium – from the website of the International Aluminium Institute
- Emedicine – Aluminium
- Mal:Internet Archive short film