Plutonium

Plutonium silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Pu miwah wilangan atom 94. Punika logam aktinida antuk cingakan klau masawang pérak miwah manados pangotor pinaka keni udara, miwah ngawentuk lapisan buuk pinaka kaoksidasi. Daru ketah nyané nganikayang nem alotrop miwah papat paindikan oksidasi. Maréaksi sareng karbon, halogén, nitrogén, silikon, miwah hidrogén. Ri kala keni udara ayun, ngawentuk oksida miwah hidrida sané prasida ngajimbaranh sampel nganti 70% volume, ring galah nyané ngelupas manados bubuk punika piroforik. Punika radioaktip miwah prasida kaakumulasi ring balung, sané ngardi pangamongan plutonium mabaya.

Plutonium, ₉₄Pu

Plutonium plutoniyum·
Pabaosan	/pluːˈtoʊniəm/ ​(ploo-TOH-nee-əm)
Cingakan	putih masawang pérak, daki dados klau selem yén keni udara
Nomor massa	[244]
Plutonium ring tabél périodik
Hidrogén Hélium Litium Bérilium Boron Karbon Nitrogén Oksigén Fluorin Néon Natrium Magnésium Aluminium Silikon Phosfor Urirang Klorin Argon Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Kromium Mangan (datu) Wesi Kobalt Nikel Temaga Séng Gallium Gérmanium Arsenik Sélénium Brom Kripton Rubidium Strontium Ittrium Zirkonium Niobium Molibdénum Téknésium Ruthénium Rhodium Palladium Pérak Kadmium Indium Timah Antimoni Téllurium Yodium Xénon Sésium Barium Lanthanum Sérium Praséodimium Néodimium Prométhium Samarium Éuropium Gadolinium Terbium Disprosium Holmium Érbium Thulium Itterbium Lutésium Hafnium Tantalum Tungstén Rhénium Osmium Iridium Platinum Mas Rasa (datu) Thallium Timbal Bismuth Polonium Astatin Radon Fransium Radium Aktinium Thorium Protaktinium Uranium Néptunium Plutonium Amérisium Curium Berkélium Kalifornium Éinsteinium Fermium Méndelevium Nobélium Lawrénsium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnérium Darmstadtium Roéntgénium Kopernikium Nihonium Flérovium Moskovium Livermorium Ténnessin Oganésson Sm ↑ Pu ↓ (Uqo) néptunium ← plutonium → amérisium
Wilangan atom (Z)	94
Watek	n/a
Période	période 7
Blok	blok-f
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	912.5 K ​(639.4 °C, ​1182.9 °F)
Titik didih	3505 K ​(3228 °C, ​5842 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	19.85 (239Pu) g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	16.63 g/cm3
Panes fusi	2.82 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	333.5 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	35.5 J/(mol·K)
Tekanan uap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1756 1953 2198 2511 2926 3499
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (oksida ampotér)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 1.28
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 584.7 kJ/mol
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 159 pm
Jeriji kovalén	187±1 pm
Garis spéktral saking plutonium
Cecirén liyanan
Struktur kristal	​monoklin
Kagelisan swara	2260 m/s
Ékspansi térmal	46.7 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	6.74 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	1.460 µΩ⋅m (ring 0 °C)
bacakan magnétik	paramagnetic
Modulus Young	96 GPa
Modulus Shear	43 GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.21
Nomor CAS	7440-07-5
Lelintihan
Pangaranan	saking planét alit Pluto, punika kaparinamain saking klasik déwa jagat sor Pluto
Panemuan	Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1941)
Isotop utama plutonium
Iso­top Kalimpahan Paruh-idup (t1/2) Mode paluruhan Pro­duk 238Pu trace 87.74 y SF – α 234U 239Pu trace 2.41×104 y SF – α 235U 240Pu trace 6500 y SF – α 236U 241Pu syn 14 y β− 241Am SF – 242Pu syn 3.73×105 y SF – α 238U 244Pu trace 8.08×107 y α 240U SF –

Cutetan

Pustaka

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Pranala jaba

• "Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues - Plutonium". Washington and Lee University. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal February 3, 2009. Kaaksés February 15, 2009.
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• Johnson, C. M.; Davis, Z.S. (1997). "Nuclear Weapons: Disposal Options for Surplus Weapons-Usable Plutonium". CRS Report for Congress # 97-564 ENR. Kaaksés February 15, 2009.
• "Physical, Nuclear, and Chemical, Properties of Plutonium". IEER. 2005. Kaaksés February 15, 2009.
• Bhadeshia, H. "Plutonium crystallography".
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• "Plutonium". Royal Society of Chemistry. Kaaksés February 6, 2015.
• "Plutonium". The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham. Kaaksés February 6, 2015.