Hafnium

Hafnium, ₇₂Hf
Hafnium; hapniyum·
Pabaosan	/ˈhæfniəm/ (HAF-nee-əm)
Cingakan	baja klau
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Hf)	178.486(6)
Hafnium ring tabél périodik
	lutésium ← hafnium → tantalum
Wilangan atom (Z)	72
Watek	golongan 4
Période	période 6
Blok	blok-d
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Xé] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F)
Titik didih	4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	13.31 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	12 g/cm3
Panes fusi	27.2 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	648 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	25.73 J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (oksida ampotér)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 1.3
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 658.5 kJ/mol ; ka-2: 1440 kJ/mol ; ka-3: 2250 kJ/mol ; ;
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 159 pm
Jeriji kovalén	175±10 pm
	Garis spéktral saking hafnium
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	susunan padat héksagon (hcp)
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	3010 m/s (at 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	5.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	23.0 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	331 nΩ⋅m (ring 20 °C)
bacakan magnétik	paramagnétik
Karentanan magnétik molar	+75.0×10−6 cm3/mol (at 298 K)
Modulus Young	78 GPa
Modulus Shear	30 GPa
Modulus Bulk	110 GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.37
Kakatosan Mohs	5.5
Kakatosan Vickers	1520–2060 MPa
Kakatosan Brinell	1450–2100 MPa
Nomor CAS	7440-58-6
Lelintihan
Pangaranan	after Hafnia. Latin antuk: Kopenhagen, ring dija kacunduk
Pancawangan	Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Panemuan miwah isolasi kapertama	Dirk Coster miwah George de Hevesy (1922)
Isotop utama hafnium
	Kategori:Hafnium; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Hafnium silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Hf miwah wilangan atom 72. Logam transisi manyalang, klau masawang pérak, tétravalén, hafnium sacara kimiawi sekadi zirkonium miwah katemuin ring akéh mineral zirkonium. Kawéntenan kacawang olih Dmitri Mendeleev warsa 1869, yadiastun nénten kauningin nganti warsa 1923, olih Coster miwah Hevesy, manadosang nyané datu stabil ungkur kalih sané katemuin. Hafnium karanin Hafnia, arab Latin antuk Kopenhagen, ring dija punika katemuin.^[4]^[5]

Pranala jabaUah

Hafnium at Los Alamos National Laboratory's periodic table of the elements
Hafnium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
Hafnium Technical & Safety Data
NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Hafnium, elemental
Don Clark: Intel Shifts from Silicon to Lift Chip Performance - WSJ, 2007
Hafnium-based Intel 45nm Process Technology
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
https://colnect.com/en/coins/list/composition/168-Hafnium

↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ André Authier (2013). Early Days of X-ray Crystallography. OUP Oxford. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-163501-4.
↑ Knapp, Brian (2002). Francium to Polonium. Atlantic Europe Publishing Company, p. 10. ISBN 0717256774

[CIAAW2013-1] Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[magnet-2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[Authier2013-4] André Authier (2013). Early Days of X-ray Crystallography. OUP Oxford. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-163501-4.

[5] Knapp, Brian (2002). Francium to Polonium. Atlantic Europe Publishing Company, p. 10. ISBN 0717256774

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