Gadolinium

Gadolinium, ₆₄Gd
Gadolinium; gadoliniyum·
Pabaosan	/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ (GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm)
Cingakan	petak pérak
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Gd)	157.25(3)
Gadolinium ring tabél périodik
	éuropium ← gadolinium → terbium
Wilangan atom (Z)	64
Watek	n/a
Période	période 6
Blok	blok-f
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Xé] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	1585 K (1312 °C, 2394 °F)
Titik didih	3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	7.90 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	7.4 g/cm3
Panes fusi	10.05 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	301.3 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	37.03 J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	0, +1, +2, +3 (oksida basa tenga)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 1.20
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 593.4 kJ/mol ; ka-2: 1170 kJ/mol ; ka-3: 1990 kJ/mol ; ;
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 180 pm
Jeriji kovalén	196±6 pm
	Garis spéktral saking gadolinium
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	susunan padat héksagon (hcp)
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	2680 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	α poli: 9.4 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 100 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	10.6 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	α, poly: 1.310 µΩ⋅m
bacakan magnétik	féromagnétik–paramagnétik transisi ring 293.4 K
Karentanan magnétik molar	+755000.0×10−6 cm3/mol (300.6 K)
Modulus Young	rup α: 54.8 GPa
Modulus Shear	rupa α: 21.8 GPa
Modulus Bulk	rupa α: 37.9 GPa
Rasio Poisson	rupa α: 0.259
Kakatosan Vickers	510–950 MPa
Nomor CAS	7440-54-2
Lelintihan
Pangaranan	mawit mineral Gadolinite (kaaranin mawit Johan Gadolin)
Panemuan	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880)
Isolasi kapertama	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
Isotop utama gadolinium
	Kategori:Gadolinium; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Gadolinium silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Gd miwah wilangan atom 64. Gadolinium punika logam putih maswang pérak ri kala oksidasi kaicalang. Wantah datu tanah langka akedik sané prasida kaprapén miwah ulet. Gadolinium maréaksi sareng oksigén atmospir utawi uap toya sané alon ngawentuk lapisan selem. Gadolinium ring metén Titik Curie saking 20 °C (68 °F) punika féromagnétik, antuk wasa kedeng nuju médan magnét langkung saking nikel. Ring duur suhu punika, Inucap dados datu paramagnétik sané akéh. Wantah ketemuin ring palemahan marupa oksidasi. Ri kala kabelasang, ketah nyané ngelah pangotor saking tanah langka liyanan krana cecirén kimia nyané sané sarupa.

Pustaka uah

↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Pikobet nganggit: Tag <ref> dengan nama "r27" yang didefinisikan di <references> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.

Pranala jaba uah

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis – Complication of Gadolinium MR Contrast (series of images at MedPix website)
It's Elemental – Gadolinium
Refrigerator uses gadolinium metal that heats up when exposed to magnetic field
FDA advisory on gadolinium-based contrast
Abdominal MR imaging: important considerations for evaluation of gadolinium enhancement Rafael O.P. de Campos, Vasco Herédia, Ersan Altun, Richard C. Semelka, Department of Radiology University of North Carolina Hospitals Chapel Hill
Inside Japan’s Super Kamiokande 360 degree tour including details on adding Gadolinium to the pure water to aid in studying neutrinos

[CIAAW2013-1] Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Cloke1993-2] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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