Lanthanum

Lanthanum, ₅₇La
Lanthanum; lantanum·
Pabaosan	/ˈlænθənəm/ (LAN-thə-nəm)
Cingakan	petak kapérakan
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(La)	138.90547(7)
Lanthanum ring tabél périodik
	barium ← lanthanum → sérium
Wilangan atom (Z)	57
Watek	n/a
Période	période 6
Blok	blok-f
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Xé] 5d1 6s2
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	1193 K (920 °C, 1688 °F)
Titik didih	3737 K (3464 °C, 6267 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	6.162 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	5.94 g/cm3
Panes fusi	6.20 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	400 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	27.11 J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	0, +1, +2, +3 (oksida basa kuat)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 1.10
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 538.1 kJ/mol ; ka-2: 1067 kJ/mol ; ka-3: 1850.3 kJ/mol ; ;
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 187 pm
Jeriji kovalén	207±8 pm
	Garis spéktral saking lanthanum
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	susunan padat heksagon ganda (dhcp)
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	2475 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	α, poly: 12.1 µm/(m⋅K) (ring s.r.)
Konduktivitas térmal	13.4 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	α, poly: 615 nΩ⋅m (ring s.r.)
bacakan magnétik	paramagnétik
Karentanan magnétik molar	+118.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Modulus Young	rupa α: 36.6 GPa
Modulus Shear	rupa α: 14.3 GPa
Modulus Bulk	rupa α: 27.9 GPa
Rasio Poisson	rupa α: 0.280
Kakatosan Mohs	2.5
Kakatosan Vickers	360–1750 MPa
Kakatosan Brinell	350–400 MPa
Nomor CAS	7439-91-0
Lelintihan
Panemuan	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Isotop utama lanthanum
β−	138Cé
	Kategori:Lanthanum; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Lanthanum silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol La miwah wilangan atom 57. Punika logam bélék, ulet, putih masawang pérak sané mamudar ri kala keni udara. Punika éponim saking dérét lantanida, seka datu 15 sarupa riantara lanthanum miwah lutétium ring tabél périodik], lanthanum pinaka kapartama miwah prototipe. Lantanum sacara tradisional kapeték ri antara datu tanah langka. Ketah nyané paindikan oksidasi punika +3. Lantanum nénten mawiguna biologis ring manusa menawi penting antuk makudang baktéri. Nénten nubain antuk manusa menawi ngenahang makudang aktivitas antimikroba.

Cutetan

Pustaka

↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12: 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Suratan

Mal:Greenwood&Earnshaw1st

Wacénan lantur

The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium and Uranium, by R. J. Callow, Pergamon Press, 1967
Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths, by C. K. Gupta and N. Krishnamurthy, CRC Press, 2005
Nouveau Traite de Chimie Minerale, Vol. VII. Scandium, Yttrium, Elements des Terres Rares, Actinium, P. Pascal, Editor, Masson & Cie, 1959
Chemistry of the Lanthanons, by R. C. Vickery, Butterworths 1953

[CIAAW2013-1] Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Cloke1993-2] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[LnI-3] La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12: 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9.

[magnet-4] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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