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Surya

Surya (simbol: ☉; Indonésia: Matahari, Inggris: Sun) ento bintang ané matongos di tengah tata surya, 1.496×108 km uli Gumi. Gobanné bunter[15] tur bentangné 1.392.684 km, kuang-lebih ping 109 bentang Guminé. Massané kuang-lebih 2×1030 kilogram, 330.000 ping massa Guminé. Surya malakar aji campuhan ané maadan "plasma"[16] ané malakar aji hidrogén (73%), hélium (25%), ajak oksigén, karbon, néon muah besi abedik.[17]

Matahari ☉
Poto ring sunar kacingak manut saking filter surya ring warsa 2013 sané wénten titik surya miwah limb darkening.
False-color potret kapotret ring warsa 2010 sané anggén cahaya ultraviolet (gelombang cahaya 30.4 nm)
Data observasi
Mean distance
from Earth		1 au ≈ 1.496×108 km[1]
8 min 19 s at light speed
Visual brightness (V)−26.74[2]
Absolute magnitude4.83[2]
Spectral classificationG2V[3]
MetallicityZ = 0.0122[4]
Angular size31.6–32.7 minutes of arc[5]
AdjectivesSolar
Orbital characteristics
Mean distance
from Milky Way core		≈ 2.7×1017 km
27,200 light-years
Galactic period(2.25–2.50)×108 yr
Velocity≈ 220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Milky Way)
≈ 20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood)
≈ 370 km/s[6] (relative to the cosmic microwave background)
Physical characteristics
Equatorial radius695,700 km,[7]
696,342 km[8]
109 × Earth[9]
Equatorial circumference4.379×106 km[9]
109 × Earth[9]
Flattening9×10−6
Area permukaan6.09×1012 km2[9]
12,000 × Earth[9]
Volume1.41×1018 km3[9]
1,300,000 × Earth
Massa1.9884×1030 kg[2]
333,000 × Earth[2]
Average density1.408 g/cm3[2][9][10]
0.255 × Earth[2][9]
Center density (modeled)162.2 g/cm3[2]
12.4 × Earth
Equatorial surface gravity274 m/s2[2]
28 × Earth[9]
Moment of inertia factor0.070[2] (estimate)
Escape velocity
(from the surface)		617.7 km/s[9]
55 × Earth[9]
SuhuCenter (modeled): 1.57×107 K[2]
Photosphere (effective): 5,772 K[2]
Corona: ≈ 5×106 K
Luminosity (Lsol)3.828×1026 W[2]
≈ 3.75×1028 lm
≈ 98 lm/W efficacy
Color (B-V)0.63
Mean radiance (Isol)2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1
Age≈ 4.6 billion years[11][12]
Karakteristik rotasi
Obliquity7.25°[2]
(to the ecliptic)
67.23°
(to the galactic plane)
Right ascension
of North pole[13]		286.13°
19 h 4 min 30 s
Declination
of North pole		+63.87°
63° 52' North
Sidereal rotation period
(at equator)		25.05 d[2]
(at 16° latitude)25.38 d[2]
25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s[13]
(ring kutub)34.4 d[2]
Kecepatan rotasi
(ring ekuator)		7.189×103 km/h[9]
Komposisi Photospheric (manut massa)
Hidrogén73.46%[14]
Hélium24.85%
Oksigén0.77%
Karbon0.29%
Wesi0.16%
Néon0.12%
Nitrogén0.09%
Silikon0.07%
Magnésium0.05%
Urirang0.04%

Pustaka

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  1. ↑ Pitjeva, E. V.; Standish, E. M. (2009). "Proposals for the masses of the three largest asteroids, the Moon–Earth mass ratio and the Astronomical Unit". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (ring Inggris). 103 (4): 365–372. doi:10.1007/s10569-009-9203-8. ISSN 1572-9478.
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2,14 2,15 Williams, D.R. (1 July 2013). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 15 July 2010. Kaaksés 12 August 2013.
  3. ↑ Zombeck, Martin V. (1990). Handbook of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
  4. ↑ Asplund, M.; Grevesse, N.; Sauval, A.J. (2006). "The new solar abundances – Part I: the observations". Communications in Asteroseismology. 147: 76–79. Bibcode:2006CoAst.147...76A. doi:10.1553/cia147s76.
  5. ↑ "Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions". NASA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 27 May 2010. Kaaksés 24 October 2010.
  6. ↑ Hinshaw, G.; et al. (2009). "Five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations: data processing, sky maps, and basic results". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 180 (2): 225–245. arXiv:0803.0732. Bibcode:2009ApJS..180..225H. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225.
  7. ↑ Mal:Cite arxiv
  8. ↑ Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (2012), "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits", The Astrophysical Journal, 750 (2): 135, arXiv:1203.4898, Bibcode:2012ApJ...750..135E, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/135
  9. ↑ 9,00 9,01 9,02 9,03 9,04 9,05 9,06 9,07 9,08 9,09 9,10 9,11 "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures". NASA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2 January 2008.
  10. ↑ Ko, M. (1999). Elert, G. (ed.). "Density of the Sun". The Physics Factbook.
  11. ↑ Bonanno, A.; Schlattl, H.; Paternò, L. (2002). "The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 390 (3): 1115–1118. arXiv:astro-ph/0204331. Bibcode:2002A&A...390.1115B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020749.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  12. ↑ Connelly, JN; Bizzarro, M; Krot, AN; Nordlund, Å; Wielandt, D; Ivanova, MA (2 November 2012). "The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk". Science. 338 (6107): 651–655. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..651C. doi:10.1126/science.1226919. PMID 23118187.Mal:Registration required
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Seidelmann, P.K.; et al. (2000). "Report Of The IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates And Rotational Elements Of The Planets And Satellites: 2000". Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 14 May 2019. Kaaksés 22 March 2006.
  14. ↑ "The Sun's Vital Statistics". Stanford Solar Center. Kaaksés 29 July 2008. Citing Eddy, J. (1979). A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab. NASA. p. 37. NASA SP-402. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2021-07-30. Kaaksés 2020-02-27.
  15. ↑ "How Round is the Sun?". NASA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2018-09-17. Kaaksés 2019-06-18.
  16. ↑ "First Ever STEREO Images of the Entire Sun". NASA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2011-03-08. Kaaksés 2019-06-18.
  17. ↑ Basu, S.; Antia, H.M. (2008). "Helioseismology and Solar Abundances". Physics Reports. 457 (5–6): 217–283
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