Deutérium

Deutérium (utawi hidrogén-2, simbol ²
H
utawi D, taler kaloktah dados hidrogén baat) inggih punika salah tunggil saking kalih isotop tegteg saking hidrogén (rupa liayan punika protium, utawi hidrogen-1). inti atom deutérium, kasengguh deutéron, madaging asiki proton miwah asiki neutron, sapunika protium sané langkung umum nénten madué neutron ring nukléus. Deutérium madué kalimpahan alami ring segara Gumi sawatara asiki atom deutérium riantara makasami 7003642000000000000♠6420 atom hidrogén (cingak toya baat). Sapunika deutérium nyumbang sawatara 0,0156% antuk akéh (0,0312% massa) saking makasami hidrogén alami ring segara, sauntara protium nyumbang langkung saking 99,98%. Kalimpahan deutérium akedik magentos saking asiki soroh toya alami nuju soroh liyanan (cingak Toya Segara Rerata Standar Wina). (Tritium punika isotop hidrogén liyanan antuk simbol ³
H
utawi T. Ipun madué kalih neutron, miwah macecirén radioaktip miwah langkung kapah kacunduk pantaraning deutérium.)

Parinama "deutérium" maasal saking basa Yunani deuteros, sané maartos "kakalih", antuk nujuang kalih partikel sané nyusun nukléus.^[1] Deutérium kacunduk olih ahli kimia Amérika Harold Urey ring warsa 1931. Urey miwah liyanan ngasilang sampel toya baat madaging deutérium sané sanget kakonséntrasi. Pacundukan deutérium ngardi Urey ngamolihang Paica Nobel ring warsa 1934.

Deutérium kalebur ring wagian jero bintang langkung gelis pantaraning sané kaproduksi. Prosés alami liyanan kaduga wantah nganghasilang deutérium ring akéh sané nénten signifikan. Makéhan deutérium sané kacunduk ring alam kaproduksi ritatkala Big Bang 13.8 miliar warsa sané riin, dados rasio dasar utawi primordial hidrogén-1 majeng deutérium (sawatara 26 atom deutérium per yuta atom hidrogén) maasal saking galah punika. Punika rasio sané kacunduk ring planét gas raksasa, minakadi Jupiter. Analisis rasio deutérium-protium ring komet ngacunduk asil sané sanget mersib sareng rasio rerata ring segara Gumi (156 atom deutérium per yuta atom hidrogén). Puniki nguatang téori pinaka makéhan toya segara ring Gumi maasal saking komét utawi bintang kukusan.^[2]^[3] Rasio deutérium-protium komét 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, sané kaukur antuk wahana antariksa Rosetta, sawatara tiga kali lipat saking toya Gumi. Angka puniki sané pinih tegeh sané polih kaukur ring satunggil komét.^[4]

Pustaka

↑ O'Leary D (Pébruari 2012). "The deeds to deuterium". Nature Chemistry. 4 (3): 236. Bibcode:2012NatCh...4..236O. doi:10.1038/nchem.1273. PMID 22354440.
↑ Hartogh P, Lis DC, Bockelée-Morvan D, de Val-Borro M, Biver N, Küppers M, et al. (October 2011). "Ocean-like water in the Jupiter-family comet 103P/Hartley 2". Nature. 478 (7368): 218–220. Bibcode:2011Natur.478..218H. doi:10.1038/nature10519. PMID 21976024. S2CID 3139621.
↑ Hersant, Franck; Gautier, Daniel; Hure, Jean-Marc (2001). "A two-dimensional model for the primordial nebula constrained by D/H measurements in the Solar system: Implications for the formation of giant planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 554 (1): 391–407. Bibcode:2001ApJ...554..391H. doi:10.1086/321355. Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help) — see fig. 7. for a review of D/H ratios in various astronomical objects
↑ Altwegg K, Balsiger H, Bar-Nun A, Berthelier JJ, Bieler A, Bochsler P, et al. (Januari 2015). "Cometary science. 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, a Jupiter family comet with a high D/H ratio" (PDF). Science. 347 (6220): 1261952. Bibcode:2015Sci...347A.387A. doi:10.1126/science.1261952. PMID 25501976. S2CID 206563296.

[diplogen-1] O'Leary D (Pébruari 2012). "The deeds to deuterium". Nature Chemistry. 4 (3): 236. Bibcode:2012NatCh...4..236O. doi:10.1038/nchem.1273. PMID 22354440.

[nature2-2] Hartogh P, Lis DC, Bockelée-Morvan D, de Val-Borro M, Biver N, Küppers M, et al. (October 2011). "Ocean-like water in the Jupiter-family comet 103P/Hartley 2". Nature. 478 (7368): 218–220. Bibcode:2011Natur.478..218H. doi:10.1038/nature10519. PMID 21976024. S2CID 3139621.

[Hersant-3] Hersant, Franck; Gautier, Daniel; Hure, Jean-Marc (2001). "A two-dimensional model for the primordial nebula constrained by D/H measurements in the Solar system: Implications for the formation of giant planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 554 (1): 391–407. Bibcode:2001ApJ...554..391H. doi:10.1086/321355. Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help) — see fig. 7. for a review of D/H ratios in various astronomical objects

[sciencemag.org-4] Altwegg K, Balsiger H, Bar-Nun A, Berthelier JJ, Bieler A, Bochsler P, et al. (Januari 2015). "Cometary science. 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, a Jupiter family comet with a high D/H ratio" (PDF). Science. 347 (6220): 1261952. Bibcode:2015Sci...347A.387A. doi:10.1126/science.1261952. PMID 25501976. S2CID 206563296.

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