Penguin

Penguins ; Periode Danian Ungkur-Mangkin, 62–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Minab Aab Kapur manut saking data molekulér
	Spheniscidae
	; Spésies penguin saking genera mabinayan; saking duur-kiwa, arah jaum jam: Penguin kaisar (Aptenodytes forsteri), penguin jambul (Eudyptes robustus), penguin alit (Eudyptula minor), penguin mata kuning (Megadyptes antipodes), penguin gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), penguin Afrika (Spheniscus demersus)
Rekaman (id)
Data (id)
Cara bergerak (id)	bipedalisme (id)
Taksonomi
superdomain	Biota
superkerajaan	Eukaryota
krajan	Animalia
subkrajan	Bilateria
superfilum	Deuterostomia
Pilum	Chordata
subfilum	Vertebrata
infrafilum	Gnathostomata
megaclass	Osteichthyes
superkelas	Sarcopterygii
Klad	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
Klad	Tetrapodomorpha
superkelas	Tetrapoda
kelas	Aves
subkelas	Neognathae
superordo	Neoaves
Klad	Aequorlitornithes
superordo	Aequornithes
Klad	Austrodyptornithes
ordo	Sphenisciformes
Kaluwarga	Spheniscidae ; Bonaparte , 1831
Généra modérn
	Aptenodytes; Eudyptes; Eudyptula; Megadyptes; Pygoscelis; Spheniscus; antuk généra purba, cingak Sistematik
Distribusi
	; Sebaran mataluh pingun, makasami spésiés (aqua); wénten spésiés ngelah sebaran masa migrasi sané linggah
	c; p; u;

Penguin utawi pinguin inggih punika sekaa paksi akuatik sané ten mersidayang mekeber saking famili Spheniscidae saking ordo Sphenisciformes.^[4]

Subkaluwarga Spheniscinae – penguin modérn

Gambar	Génus	Spésiés
	Aptenodytes Miller, JF, 1778 – penguin ageng	Penguin raja, Aptenodytes patagonicus Penguin kaisar, Aptenodytes forsteri
	Pygoscelis Wagler, 1832 – brush-tailed penguins	Adélie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae Chinstrap penguin, Pygoscelis antarcticus Gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua
	Eudyptula Bonaparte, 1856 – little penguins	Little penguin, Eudyptula minor Australian little penguin, Eudyptula novaehollandiae
	Spheniscus Brisson 1760 – banded penguins	Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti Galápagos penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus African penguin, Spheniscus demersus
	Megadyptes Milne-Edwards, 1880	Yellow-eyed penguin, Megadyptes antipodes †Waitaha penguin, Megadyptes waitaha (extinct, disputed)^[5]
	Eudyptes Vieillot, 1816 – crested penguins	Fiordland penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Snares penguin, Eudyptes robustus Erect-crested penguin, Eudyptes sclateri Southern rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes chrysocome Northern rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes moseleyi Royal penguin, Eudyptes schlegeli (disputed) Macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus †Chatham penguin, Eudyptes warhami (extinct)

Pustaka uah

↑ Tambussi, C.; Hospitaleche, C. A. (2007). "Antarctic birds (Neornithes) during the Cretaceous–Eocene time" (PDF). Revista de la Asociación Geológica. 62 (4): 604–617. Kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal April 2, 2021. Kaaksés March 21, 2021.
↑ Hackett, S. J.; Kimball, R. T.; Reddy, S.; Bowie, R. C. K.; Braun, E. L.; Braun, M. J. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History". Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.
↑ Pikobet nganggit: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Ksepka
↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2023). "Kagu, Sunbittern, tropicbirds, loons, penguins". World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Kaaksés 16 April 2023.
↑ Cole, T.L.; Ksepka, D.T.; Mitchell, K.J.; Tennyson, A.J.; Thomas, D.B.; Pan, H.; Zhang, G.; Rawlence, N.J.; Wood, J.R.; Bover, P.; Bouzat, J.L. (2019). "Mitogenomes uncover extinct penguin taxa and reveal island formation as a key driver of speciation". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 784–797. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz017. PMID 30722030.

[tambussi-1] Tambussi, C.; Hospitaleche, C. A. (2007). "Antarctic birds (Neornithes) during the Cretaceous–Eocene time" (PDF). Revista de la Asociación Geológica. 62 (4): 604–617. Kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal April 2, 2021. Kaaksés March 21, 2021.

[2] Hackett, S. J.; Kimball, R. T.; Reddy, S.; Bowie, R. C. K.; Braun, E. L.; Braun, M. J. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History". Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.

[Ksepka-3] Pikobet nganggit: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Ksepka

[IOU-4] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2023). "Kagu, Sunbittern, tropicbirds, loons, penguins". World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Kaaksés 16 April 2023.

[5] Cole, T.L.; Ksepka, D.T.; Mitchell, K.J.; Tennyson, A.J.; Thomas, D.B.; Pan, H.; Zhang, G.; Rawlence, N.J.; Wood, J.R.; Bover, P.; Bouzat, J.L. (2019). "Mitogenomes uncover extinct penguin taxa and reveal island formation as a key driver of speciation". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 784–797. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz017. PMID 30722030.

[4]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[5]

Penguins Periode Danian Ungkur-Mangkin, 62–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Minab Aab Kapur manut saking data molekulér^[1]^[2]^[3]
Spheniscidae
Spésies penguin saking genera mabinayan; saking duur-kiwa, arah jaum jam: Penguin kaisar (Aptenodytes forsteri), penguin jambul (Eudyptes robustus), penguin alit (Eudyptula minor), penguin mata kuning (Megadyptes antipodes), penguin gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), penguin Afrika (Spheniscus demersus)
Rekaman ^(id)

Data ^(id)
Cara bergerak ^(id)	bipedalisme ^(id)
Taksonomi

superdomain	Biota
superkerajaan	Eukaryota
krajan	Animalia
subkrajan	Bilateria
superfilum	Deuterostomia
Pilum	Chordata
subfilum	Vertebrata
infrafilum	Gnathostomata
megaclass	Osteichthyes
superkelas	Sarcopterygii
Klad	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
Klad	Tetrapodomorpha
superkelas	Tetrapoda
kelas	Aves
subkelas	Neognathae
superordo	Neoaves
Klad	Aequorlitornithes
superordo	Aequornithes
Klad	Austrodyptornithes
ordo	Sphenisciformes
Kaluwarga	Spheniscidae Bonaparte , 1831


Généra modérn
Aptenodytes Eudyptes Eudyptula Megadyptes Pygoscelis Spheniscus antuk généra purba, cingak Sistematik
Distribusi
Sebaran mataluh pingun, makasami spésiés (aqua); wénten spésiés ngelah sebaran masa migrasi sané linggah
c p u