Wikipédia

Massachusetts

Massachusetts uatwi resminé Persemakmuran Massachusetts, inggih punika satunggil negara wagian Amérika Serikat, wagian saking wawengkon New England. Mawatesan sareng Samudra Atlantik miwah Teluk Maine ring sisi kangin, Connecticut miwah Nusa Rhode ring sisi kelod, New Hampshire miwah Vermont ring sisi kalér, miwah New York ring sisi kauh.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Negara wagian
Kobér Commonwealth of MassachusettsLambang resmi Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Julukan: 
The Bay State (official)
The Pilgrim State; The Puritan State
The Old Colony State
The Baked Bean State[1]
Motto: 
Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (Latin)
By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty
Lagu: All Hail to Massachusetts
Peta Amérika Serikat sareng Massachusetts kacihnain
Peta Amérika Serikat sareng Massachusetts kacihnain
NegaraAmérika Serikat
Sadurung dados negara wagianProvince of Massachusetts Bay
Magabung sareng SerikatFebruary 6, 1788 (6th)
Ibu kotaBoston
Kota agengcapital
Métropolitan agengBoston Raya
Pamréntahan
 • GubernurCharlie Baker (R)
 • Wakil GubernurKaryn Polito (R)
LegislatifGeneral Court
 • Majelis tinggiSenate
 • Majelis rendahHouse of Representatives
KahakimanMassachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Senator ASElizabeth Warren (D)
Ed Markey (D)
Délegasi DPR AS9 Democrats (lis)
Jimbar
 • Total10,565[2] sq mi (27,337 km2)
 • Darat7,840 sq mi (20,306 km2)
 • Air2,715 sq mi (7,032 km2)  26.1%
Peringkat jimbar wawidangan44th
Dimensions
 • Panjang190 mi (296 km)
 • Lebar115 mi (184 km)
Ketinggian
500 ft (150 m)
Titik pinih tegeh3,489 ft (1.063,4 m)
Titik pinih endep
(Atlantic Ocean)
0 ft (0 m)
Populasi
 (2020[5])
 • Total6,984,723
 • Peringkat15th
 • Kepadatan897/sq mi (346/km2)
 • Peringkat3rd
 • Médian pangupa jiwa kulawarga
$77,385[4]
 • Peringkat pangupa jiwa
2nd
DemonimBay Stater (official)[6] Massachusite (traditional)[7][8]

Massachusettsan (recommended by the U.S. GPO)[9]

Masshole (derogatory[10] or endearing[11])
Basa
 • Basa resmiEnglish[12]
 • Basa lisan
Wewidangan galahUTC– 05:00 (Eastern)
 • Musim panas (DST)UTC– 04:00 (EDT)
Ancengan USPS
MA
ISO 3166 codeUS-MA
Ancengan lamiMass.
Garis lintang41°14′ N to 42°53′ N
Garis bujur69°56′ W to 73°30′ W
Situs webwww.mass.gov
Simbol negara wagian Massachusetts
Kober Massachusetts
Lambang urip
PaksiBlack-capped chickadee,[14] wild turkey[15][16]
UlamCod[16][17]
SekarMayflower[16][18]
GumintitLadybug[16][19]
MammaliaRight whale,[20] Morgan horse,[21] Tabby cat,[22] Boston Terrier[23]
ReptilGarter snake[16][24]
TaruAmerican elm[16][25]
Inanimate insignia
BeverageCranberry juice[16][26]
ColorsBlue, green, cranberry[16][27]
DanceSquare dance[16][28]
FoodCranberry,[29] corn muffin,[16][30] navy bean,[31] Boston cream pie,[32] chocolate chip cookie,[33] Boston cream doughnut[34]
FossilDinosaur Tracks[35]
GemstoneRhodonite[16][36]
MineralBabingtonite[16][37]
PoemBlue Hills of Massachusetts[16][38]
RockRoxbury Puddingstone[16][39]
ShellNew England Neptune, Neptunea lyrata decemcostata[16][42]
ShipSchooner Ernestina[16]
SloganMake It Yours,
The Spirit of America[40]
SoilPaxton[16]
SportBasketball[41]
State route marker
Massachusetts state route marker
Kuartal negara wagian
Massachusetts quarter dollar coin
Kawedar ring 2000[43]
Lis simbol negara wagian Amérika Serikat

Galéri

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Pustaka

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  1. ↑ Herman, Jennifer (2008). Massachusetts Encyclopedia. State History Publications, LLC. p. 7. Various nicknames have been given to describe Massachusetts, including the Bay State, the Old Bay State, the Pilgrim State, the Puritan State, the Old Colony State and, less often, the Baked Bean State
  2. ↑ "Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal August 21, 2015. Kaaksés June 10, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Greylock RM 1 Reset". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=MZ1957. 
  4. ↑ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Kaaksés December 9, 2016.
  5. ↑ "2020 Census Apportionment Results". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal April 26, 2021. Kaaksés April 30, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth". The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Kaaksés July 21, 2021.
  7. ↑ "Collections". Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. 1877. p. 435. Kaaksés June 10, 2015.
  8. ↑ Jones, Thomas (1879). DeLancey, Edward Floyd (ed.). History of New York During the Revolutionary War. New York: New-York Historical Society. p. 465. Kaaksés June 10, 2015.
  9. ↑ U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual. 2016. §5.23.
  10. ↑ Nagy, Naomi; Irwin, Patricia (July 2010). "Boston (r): Neighbo(r)s nea(r) and fa(r)". Language Variation and Change. 22 (2): 270. doi:10.1017/S0954394510000062. S2CID 147556528.
  11. ↑ "'Masshole' among newest words added to Oxford English Dictionary". masslive.com. June 25, 2015. Kaaksés October 27, 2016.
  12. ↑ Schwarz, Hunter (August 12, 2014). "States where English is the official language". The Washington Post. Kaaksés December 29, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over—2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". American FactFinder. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal February 13, 2020. Kaaksés February 6, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Black-Capped Chickadee:Massachusetts State Bird". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 17, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Wild Turkey:Massachusetts State Game Bird". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 17, 2015.
  16. ↑ 16,00 16,01 16,02 16,03 16,04 16,05 16,06 16,07 16,08 16,09 16,10 16,11 16,12 16,13 16,14 16,15 16,16 "Massachusetts Facts". Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Kaaksés April 21, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Cod: Massachusetts State Fish". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Mayflower: Massachusetts State Flower". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  19. ↑ "Ladybug: Massachusetts State Insect". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  20. ↑ "Right Whale: Massachusetts State Marine Mammal". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Morgan Horse: Massachusetts State Horse". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Tabby Cat: Massachusetts State Cat". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  23. ↑ "Boston Terrier: Massachusetts State Dog". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Garter Snake: Massachusetts State Reptile". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  25. ↑ "American Elm: Massachusetts State Tree". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Cranberry Juice: Massachusetts State Beverage". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Blue—Green—Cranberry: Massachusetts State Colors". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  28. ↑ "Square Dance: Massachusetts State Folk Dance". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Cranberry: Massachusetts State Berry". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  30. ↑ "Corn Muffin: Massachusetts State Muffin". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  31. ↑ "Baked Navy Bean: Massachusetts State Bean". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Boston Creme Pie: Massachusetts State Dessert". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Chocolate Chip Cookie: Massachusetts State Cookie". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Boston Cream Donut: Massachusetts State Donut". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 18, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Dinosaur Tracks: Massachusetts State Fossil". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Rhodonite: Massachusetts State Gem". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Babingtonite: Massachusetts State Mineral". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Blue Hills of Massachusetts: Massachusetts State Poem". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 20, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Official State Rock of Massachusetts". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés November 28, 2019.
  40. ↑ "State Slogans". Ereferencedesk.com. Kaaksés April 21, 2015.
  41. ↑ Levenson, Michael (August 9, 2006). "Can you guess the state sport of Massachusetts?". The Boston Globe. Kaaksés February 14, 2012.
  42. ↑ "New England Neptune: Massachusetts State Shell". StateSymbolsUSA.org. Kaaksés April 23, 2015.
  43. ↑ "The Official Massachusetts State Quarter". theus50.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal April 27, 2015. Kaaksés April 21, 2015.

Bibliografi

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Cutetan

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  1. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

Pustaka liyanan

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Ikhtisar miwah survei

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Wit kadadua

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  • Abrams, Richard M. Conservatism in a Progressive Era: Massachusetts Politics, 1900–1912 (1964)
  • Adams, James Truslow. Revolutionary New England, 1691–1776 (1923)
  • Adams, James Truslow. New England in the Republic, 1776–1850 (1926)
  • Andrews, Charles M. The Fathers of New England: A Chronicle of the Puritan Commonwealths (1919), short survei
  • Conforti, Joseph A. Imagining New England: Explorations of Regional Identity from the Pilgrims to the Mid-Twentieth Century (2001)
  • Cumbler, John T. Reasonable Use: The People, the Environment, and the State, New England, 1790–1930 (1930), environmental history
  • Fischer, David Hackett. Paul Revere's Ride (1994), 1775 in depth
  • Flagg, Charles Allcott, A Guide to Massachusetts local history, Salem: Salem Press Company, 1907.
  • Green, James R., William F. Hartford, and Tom Juravich. Commonwealth of Toil: Chapters in the History of Massachusetts Workers and Their Unions (1996)
  • Huthmacher, J. Joseph. Massachusetts People and Politics, 1919–1933 (1958)
  • Labaree, Benjamin Woods. Colonial Massachusetts: A History (1979)
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Maritime History of Massachusetts, 1783–1860 (1921)
  • Peirce, Neal R. The New England States: People, Politics, and Power in the Six New England States (1976), 1960–75 era
  • Porter, Susan L. Women of the Commonwealth: Work, Family, and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts (1996)
  • Sletcher, Michael. New England (2004).
  • Starkey, Marion L. The Devil in Massachusetts (1949), Salem witches
  • Tager, Jack, and John W. Ifkovic, eds. Massachusetts in the Gilded Age: Selected Essays (1985), ethnic groups
  • Zimmerman, Joseph F. The New England Town Meeting: Democracy in Action (1999)

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