Mongolia

Mongolia
Mongolia; Монгол Улс; ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
	Kobér Lambang
	Gending kebangsaan: Монгол улсын төрийн дуулал; Mongol ulsyn töriin duulal; (basa Bali: "Gending Kebangsaan Mongolia"); ;
	Genah Mongolia
Ibu kota; (lan kota pinih ageng)	Ulaanbaatar; Koordinat: 47°55′N 106°53′E / 47.917°N 106.883°E
Basa resmi	Mongol
Aksara resmi	Sirilik Mongolia; Aksara Mongol
Kelompok etnik (2010)	96% Wong Mongol; 4% Wong Kazakh;
Agama	Buddhisme (53%); Nénten meagama (38.6%); Islam (3%); Shamanisme (2.9%); Kristen (2.2%); Liyané (0.4%)
Demonim	Mongolian; Wong Mongol;
Pamréntahan	Negara kesatuan republik semi-presidensial
• Presiden	Khaltmaagiin Battulga
• Perdana Menteri	Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
Legislatip	ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ; ᠶᠡᠬᠡ; ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ; Улсын Их Хурал; Ulsyn Ikh Hural
Pembentukan
• Kaprabon Xiongnu	sekitar 209 SM
• Kaprabon Mongolia	1206
• Merdeka saking Dinasti Qing	29 Desember 1911
• Merdeka saking Tiongkok	11 Juli 1921
• Republik Rakyat Mongolia kadiriang	26 November 1924
• Kemerdekaan keakuin olih Tiongkok	5 Januari 1946
• Konstitusi sané mangkin	13 Februari 1992
Jimbarnyané
- Total	1,566,000 km2 (605,000 sq mi) (ka-18)
- Perairan (%)	0.67
Populasi
- Perkiraan 2016	3,081,677 (ke-134)
- Kepadatan	1.97/km2 (5.1/sq mi) (ka-238)
PDB (KKB)	2018
- Total	$43.174 miliar (ka-115)
- Per kapita	$13,904 (ka-93)
PDB (nominal)	2018
- Total	$12.724 billion (ka-133)
- Per kapita	$4,097 (ka-116)
Gini (2011)	36.5; sedang
IPM (2017)	0.741; tinggi · ke-92
Mata uang	Tögrög (₮) ; (MNT)
Zona waktu	; (UTC+7/+8)
- Musim panas (DST)	UTC+8/+9
Wentuk pinanggal	yyyy.mm.dd (CE)
Lajur kemudi	kenawan
Kode télépon	+976
Kode ISO 3166	MN
Ranah Internet	.mn, .мон
	^ Taler kaeja "Ulan Bator".; ^ "Mongolia" nujuang kebangsaan, sané jangkep minoritas sekadi Kazakh utawi Tuvan, sakewanten "Mongol" nujuang ring etnis Mongol.;

Mongolia silih tunggil negara sané magenah ring antara wates Rusia sareng Cina, negara puniki dados sinunggil negara sané nénten medué pasih.

Negara puniki kaloktah antuk krama ipun sané akeh kantun ngemargiang tradisi nomaden.

Pustaka uah

↑ "Official Documents to be in Mongolian Script". UB Post. June 21, 2011. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal November 1, 2011. Kaaksés 2010-07-11. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 "Mongolia". The World Factbook. CIA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Juli 3, 2015. Kaaksés Agustus 9, 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal August 19, 2008. Kaaksés 21 February 2016. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (Désémber 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal Maret 4, 2016. Kaaksés Pébruari 21, 2016. Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in Duverger’s sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ Odonkhuu, Munkhsaikhan (Pébruari 12, 2016). "Mongolia: A Vain Constitutional Attempt to Consolidate Parliamentary Democracy". ConstitutionNet. International IDEA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Pébruari 25, 2016. Kaaksés Pébruari 21, 2016. Mongolia is sometimes described as a semi-presidential system because, while the prime minister and cabinet are collectively responsible to the SGKh, the president is popularly elected, and his/her powers are much broader than the conventional powers of heads of state in parliamentary systems. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ "National Statistical Office of Mongolia". UBSEG.GOV.MN. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal April 15, 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Apr 2016
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Kaaksés 24 February 2019.
↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Juni 8, 2014. Kaaksés Maret 2, 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ "Human Development Report 2018 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Kaaksés 14 September 2018. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ "Galah Standar Mongolia punika GMT (UTC) +8, mekudang wewidangan Mongolia nganggen GMT (UTC) +7". Time Temperature.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Oktober 13, 2007. Kaaksés Séptémber 30, 2007. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
↑ "Peubahan jam ring Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia". timeanddate.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Maret 25, 2015. Kaaksés Maret 27, 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

Suratan matopik umum puniki kantun rintisan. Ida dané dados nulung Wikipedia tekén uah miwah nyuratang liyanan.

Yéning ida dané ngawacen kaca sané anggén mal {{stub}} puniki, ngiring gingsirang mawit mal rintisan sané luwih spesifik.

[1] "Official Documents to be in Mongolian Script". UB Post. June 21, 2011. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal November 1, 2011. Kaaksés 2010-07-11. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[cia-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 "Mongolia". The World Factbook. CIA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Juli 3, 2015. Kaaksés Agustus 9, 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[Draft-3] Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal August 19, 2008. Kaaksés 21 February 2016. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[Dual-4] Shugart, Matthew Søberg (Désémber 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal Maret 4, 2016. Kaaksés Pébruari 21, 2016. Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in Duverger’s sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[IDEA-5] Odonkhuu, Munkhsaikhan (Pébruari 12, 2016). "Mongolia: A Vain Constitutional Attempt to Consolidate Parliamentary Democracy". ConstitutionNet. International IDEA. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Pébruari 25, 2016. Kaaksés Pébruari 21, 2016. Mongolia is sometimes described as a semi-presidential system because, while the prime minister and cabinet are collectively responsible to the SGKh, the president is popularly elected, and his/her powers are much broader than the conventional powers of heads of state in parliamentary systems. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[6] "National Statistical Office of Mongolia". UBSEG.GOV.MN. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal April 15, 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[Apr_2016-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Apr 2016

[IMFWEOMN-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Kaaksés 24 February 2019.

[wb-gini-9] "Gini Index". World Bank. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Juni 8, 2014. Kaaksés Maret 2, 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[UNDP2018-10] "Human Development Report 2018 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Kaaksés 14 September 2018. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[11] "Galah Standar Mongolia punika GMT (UTC) +8, mekudang wewidangan Mongolia nganggen GMT (UTC) +7". Time Temperature.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Oktober 13, 2007. Kaaksés Séptémber 30, 2007. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[12] "Peubahan jam ring Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia". timeanddate.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Maret 25, 2015. Kaaksés Maret 27, 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)

[a]

[1]

[2]

[b]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

Mongolia Монгол Улс ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
Kobér ${{{coat_alt}}}$ Lambang
Gending kebangsaan: Монгол улсын төрийн дуулал Mongol ulsyn töriin duulal (basa Bali: "Gending Kebangsaan Mongolia")
Genah Mongolia
Ibu kota (lan kota pinih ageng)	Ulaanbaatar^[a] Koordinat: 47°55′N 106°53′E / 47.917°N 106.883°E / 47.917; 106.883
Basa resmi	Mongol
Aksara resmi	Sirilik Mongolia Aksara Mongol^[1]
Kelompok etnik (2010)	96% Wong Mongol 4% Wong Kazakh^[2]
Agama	Buddhisme (53%) Nénten meagama (38.6%) Islam (3%) Shamanisme (2.9%) Kristen (2.2%) Liyané (0.4%)^[2]
Demonim	Mongolian^[b] Wong Mongol
Pamréntahan	Negara kesatuan republik semi-presidensial ^[3]^[4]^[5]

• Presiden	Khaltmaagiin Battulga
• Perdana Menteri	Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

Legislatip	ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ Улсын Их Хурал Ulsyn Ikh Hural
Pembentukan

• Kaprabon Xiongnu	sekitar 209 SM
• Kaprabon Mongolia	1206
• Merdeka saking Dinasti Qing	29 Desember 1911
• Merdeka saking Tiongkok	11 Juli 1921
• Republik Rakyat Mongolia kadiriang	26 November 1924
• Kemerdekaan keakuin olih Tiongkok	5 Januari 1946
• Konstitusi sané mangkin	13 Februari 1992

Jimbarnyané
- Total	1,566,000 km² (605,000 sq mi) (ka-18)
- Perairan (%)	0.67^[2]
Populasi
- Perkiraan 2016	3,081,677^[6] (ke-134)
- Kepadatan	1.97^[7]/km² (5.1/sq mi) (ka-238)
PDB (KKB)	2018
- Total	$43.174 miliar^[8] (ka-115)
- Per kapita	$13,904^[8] (ka-93)
PDB (nominal)	2018
- Total	$12.724 billion^[8] (ka-133)
- Per kapita	$4,097^[8] (ka-116)
Gini (2011)	36.5^[9] sedang
IPM (2017)	0.741^[10] tinggi · ke-92
Mata uang	Tögrög (₮) (`MNT`)
Zona waktu	(UTC+7/+8^[11])
- Musim panas (DST)	UTC+8/+9^[12]
Wentuk pinanggal	yyyy.mm.dd (CE)
Lajur kemudi	kenawan
Kode télépon	+976
Kode ISO 3166	MN
Ranah Internet	.mn, .мон
^ Taler kaeja "Ulan Bator". ^ "Mongolia" nujuang kebangsaan, sané jangkep minoritas sekadi Kazakh utawi Tuvan, sakewanten "Mongol" nujuang ring etnis Mongol.