Madagaskar

Madagaskar (/ˌmædəˈɡæskər, -kɑːr/; Mal:Lang-mg), utawi wastan resminé Republic of Madagascar (Mal:Lang-mg Mal:IPA-mg; Prancis: République de Madagascar), inggih punika silih tunggil negari ring benoa Afrika. Negari puniki jimbarnyané 587,041 km² miwah akéh kramannyané kirang-langkung 22,434,363 diri.

Républik Madagascar Repoblikan'i Madagasikara  (Malagasy) République de Madagascar  (Prancis)
Kobér Seal
Semboyan:  "Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana" (Malagasy) "Amour, Patrie, Progrès" (Prancis) "Love, Fatherland, Progress"
Gending kebangsaan: Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! Oh, Beloved Land of our Ancestors!
Location of Madagaskar (dark blue) – in Africa (light blue & dark grey) – in the African Union (light blue)
Ibu kota (lan kota pinih ageng)	Antananarivo 18°55′S 47°31′E
Basa resmi	Malagasy French
Kelompok etnik (2004)	26% Merina 15% Betsimisaraka 12% Betsileo 7% Tsimihety 6% Sakalava 5% Antaisaka 5% Antandroy 24% others
Demonim	Malagasy
Pamréntahan	Unitary semi-Présidéntial constitutional republic
• Présidént	Andry Rajoelina
• Prime Minister	Christian Ntsay
• Senate Présidént	Rivo Rakotovao
• Présidént of the National Assembly	Christine Razanamahasoa
Legislatip	Parliament
- Majelis Duur	Senate
- Majelis Beten	National Assembly
Independence
• from France	26 June 1960
• Current constitution	17 November 2010
Jimbarnyané
- Total	587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) (46th)
- Toya	5,501 km2 (2,124 sq mi)
- Perairan (%)	0.9%
Populasi
- Perkiraan 2016	24.894.551 (52nd)
- Kepadatan	35.2/km2 (91.2/sq mi) (174th)
PDB (KKB)	2019
- Total	$45.948 billion
- Per kapita	$1,697
PDB (nominal)	2019
- Total	$12.734 billion
- Per kapita	$471
Gini (2010)	44.1 sedang
IPM (2018)	0.521 rendah · 162nd
Mata uang	Malagasy ariary (MGA)
Zona waktu	EAT (UTC+3)
- Musim panas (DST)	UTC+3 (not observed)
Lajur kemudi	right
Kode télépon	+261
Kode ISO 3166	[[ISO 3166-2:MG |MG ]]
Ranah Internet	.mg

Kopér Madagaskar

Péta Madagaskar

Madagaskar ring Afrika

Pustaka

Pustaka liyanan

• Acquier, Jean-Louis (1997). Architectures de Madagascar (ring Prancis). Berlin: Berger-Levrault. ISBN 978-2-7003-1169-3.
• Ade Ajayi, Jacob Festus (1989). General history of Africa: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-0-520-03917-9.
• Adelaar, Alexander (2006). "The Indonésian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence". Ring Simanjuntak, Truman; Pojoh, Ingrid; Harriet Eileen; Hisyam, Muhamad (eds.). Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonésian archipelago. Jakarta, Indonésia: LIPI Press. ISBN 978-979-26-2436-6.

• Ames, Glenn Joseph (2003). Distant lands and diverse cultures: the French experience in Asia, 1600–1700. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30864-2.
• Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2008). Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 (ring Prancis). Paris: Petit Futé. ISBN 978-2-7469-1982-2.
• Barendse, R.J. (2002). The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century. Berlin: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-0729-4.
• Bradt, Hilary (2011). Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide. London: Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-341-2.
• Browning, Christopher R. (2004). The Origins of the Final Solution. Jerusalem: Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. ISBN 978-3-540-63293-1.
• Campbell, Gwyn (2005). An economic history of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: the rise and fall of an island empire. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83935-8.
• Chapus, G.S.; Mondain, G. (1953). Un homme d'etat malgache: Rainilaiarivony (ring Prancis). Paris: Editions Diloutremer.
• Cousins, William Edward (1895). Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects. London: The Religious Tract Society.
• Curtin, Philip D. (1998). Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59835-4.
• Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins". Ring Hutchins, Michael (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8 (édisi ka-2). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-5784-0.

• Deschamps, Hubert Jules (1965). Histoire de Madagascar (ring Prancis). Ann Arbor, MI: Berger-Levrault.
• Ellis, William (1859). Three visits to Madagascar during ... 1853-1854-1856. London: Oxford University.
• William Ellis (1867). Madagascar revisited, describing the events of a new reign and the revolution which followed. John Murray. ISBN 0-548-22734-9.
• William Ellis (1870). The martyr church: a narrative of the introduction, progress, and triumph of Christianity in Madagascar. J. Snow. ISBN 0-8370-0407-1.
• Emoff, Ron (2004). "Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song". Ring Dawe, Kevin (ed.). Island Musics. New York: Berg. ISBN 978-1-85973-703-3.
• Fage, J.D.; Flint, J.E.; Oliver, R.A. (1986). The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20413-2.
• Fournet-Guérin, Catherine (2007). Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache (ring Prancis). Antananarivo, Madagascar: Karthala Editions. ISBN 978-2-84586-869-4.
• Fox, Leonard (1990). Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8387-5175-6.
• Freeman, Joseph John; Johns, David (1840). A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England. London: J. Snow.
• Frémigacci, Jean (1999). "Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire?". Ring Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (ed.). Histoire d'Afrique (ring Prancis). Paris: Editions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-904-0.
• Gallieni, Joseph-Simon (1908). Neuf ans à Madagascar (ring Prancis). Paris: Librairie Hachette.
• Heale, Jay; Abdul Latif, Zawiah (2008). Cultures of the World: Madagascar. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-3036-0.
• Hillstrom, Kevin; Collier Hillstrom, Laurie (2003). Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-688-0.
• Hobbes, Joseph; Dolan, Andrew (2008). World Regional Geography. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-38950-7.
• Hodder, Ian (1982). Symbolic and structural archaeology. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24406-0.
• Kennedy, David (2007). The Library of Congress World War II companion. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5219-5.
• Kent, Raymond (1976). From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic. Ann Arbor, MI: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-8421-0.
• Kitchen, Helen A. (1962). The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa. Washington, D.C.: Praeger.
• Kull, Christian (2004). Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46141-0.
• Kusimba, Chapurukha; Odland, J. Claire; Bronson, Bennet (2004). Unwrapping the textile traditions of Madagascar. Textile Series. Los Angeles: Regents of the University of California. ISBN 978-0-930741-95-2.
• Lehoullier, Sara (2010). Madagascar: Travel Companion. New York: Other Places Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9822619-5-8.
• Middleton, Karen (1999). Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar. Los Angeles: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11289-6.
• Moriarty, H.A. (1891). Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, westward of longitude 80 ̊east, including Madagascar. London: J. D. Potter.
• Nalla, Mahesh (2010). Crime and Punishment Around the World: Volume 1, Africa. Los Angeles: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35133-4.
• Ogot, Bethwell (1992). Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-101711-7.
• Oliver, Roland; Fage, John Donnelly; Sanderson, G.N. (1985). The Cambridge History of Africa. Journal of Arid Environments. 6. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 195. Bibcode:1983JArEn...6..195S. doi:10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31535-0. ISBN 978-0-521-22803-9.
• Oliver, Samuel Pasfield (1886). Madagascar: an historical and descriptive account of the island and its former dependencies, Volume 1. London: Macmillan.
• Pezzotta, Federico (2001). Madagascar: a mineral and gemstone paradise. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-9715371-0-1.
• Pryor, Frederic L. (1990). The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. ISBN 978-0-19-520823-8.
• Rabearivelo, Jean-Joseph (2007) [1936 (translation by Robert Ziller)]. Translated from the Night. Pittsburgh, PA: Lascaux Editions. ISBN 978-1-60461-552-4.
• Rajaonarimanana, Narivelo (2001). Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache. Langues INALCO (ring Prancis). Paris: Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque. ISBN 978-2-911053-79-5.
• Ralibera, Daniel (1993). Madagascar et le christianisme (ring Prancis). Paris: Editions Karthala. ISBN 978-92-9028-211-2.
• Randier, Jean (2006). La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française (ring Prancis). Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise: Babouji. ISBN 978-2-35261-022-9.
• Randrianary, Victor (2001). Madagascar: les chants d'une île (ring Prancis). Paris: Actes Sud. ISBN 978-2-7427-3556-3.
• Ratsimbazafy, Ernest (2010). "Moraingy". Ring Green, Thomas; Svinth, Joseph (eds.). Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2.
• Regnier, Denis (2015). "Clean people, unclean people: the essentialisation of 'slaves' among the southern Betsileo of Madagascar". Social Anthropology. 23 (2): 152–158. doi:10.1111/1469-8676.12107.
• Reinsch, Paul Samuel (1905). Colonial Administration. New York: Macmillan.
• Rodd, Tony; Stackhouse, Jennifer (2008). Trees: A Visual Guide. Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25650-7.
• Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7.
• Sharp, Leslie (2002). The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22951-8.
• Shillington, Kevin (2005). Encyclopedia of African history. New York: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-57958-453-5.
• Strakes, Jason (2006). "Armed Forces of the People". Ring Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the developing world. 1. New York: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-57958-388-0.

• Thompson, Virginia; Adloff, Richard (1965). The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar today. San Francisco, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0279-9.
• Uwechue, Raph (1981). Makers of modern Africa: profiles in history, Volume 1. Dearborne, MI: Africa Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-903274-14-2.
• Van Den Boogaerde, Pierre (2008). Shipwrecks of Madagascar. New York: AEG Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-60693-494-4.
• Wink, André (2004). Volume 3 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Indo-Islamic society, 14th–15th centuries. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-13561-1.

Pranala jaba

• Country Profile from BBC News
• "Madagascar". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
• Madagaskar ring Curlie
• Madagascar from UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Peta Madagascar ring Wikimedia Atlas
• Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar from International Futures
• Data geografis Madagaskar di OpenStreetMap