Kléopatra

Kléopatra VII Philopator (basa Yunani: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ, embas duk warsa 69 SM, séda 10 utawi 12 Agustus 30 SM) inggih punika ratu aktif kaping untat Karajaan Ptolémaik Mesir. Ida masoroh raja-raja Ptolémaik, artosnyané ida raja warih sang Ptoléméus Sotér I, raja Makédonia Yunani miwah kantin Aléksander Agung. Sasampun sédané Kléopatra, Mesir dados propinsin Kaprabon Roma miwah muputang masa Hélénistik, sané ngawit saking Aléksander Agung (336-323 SM). Yadiastun basa aslinnyané Kléopatra inggih punika basa Yunani, ida dados ratu warih Ptolémaik kaping pertama sané muruk basa Mesir.

Kleopatra VII Filopator
Kleopatra Berlin, arca pakaryan Romawi sané ngambarang sosok Kleopatra nganggén diadem kerajaan, pertengahan abad kapertama SM, kirang langkung galah lawatan Kleopatra ka Roma (46–44 SM), katemuang ring vila Italia ring sisin Via Appia, mangkin kasimpen ring Museum Altes, Jerman.
Ratu Kerajaan Wangsa Ptolemaios
Berkuasa	51 – 10 atau 12 Agustus 30 SM (21 warsa)
Pendahulu	Ptolemaios XII Auletes
Penerus	Ptolemaios XV Kaisarion
Penguasa bersama	Ptolemaios XII Auletes (s. 80–58 SM - 55–51 SM) Ptolemaios XIII Teos Filopator (51–s. 47 SM) Ptolemaios XIV (47 SM–44 SM) Ptolemaios XV Kaisarion (44 SM – 30 SM)
Embas	Mula warsa 69 SM Aleksandria, Kerajaan Wangsa Ptolemaios
Seda	10 atau 12 Agustus 30 SM (yusa 39 warsa) Aleksandria, Mesir
Setra	Nenten kauningin (minab ring Mesir)
Wastan lengkap Kleopatra VII Tea Filopatora
Ayah	Ptolemaios XII Auletes
Ibu	Nenten kauningin, minab Kleopatra VI Trifaina (kasub masih dados Kleopatra V Trifaina)
Pasangan	Ptolemaios XIII Teos Filopator Ptolemaios XIV Markus Antonius
Oka	Ptolemaios XV Filopator Filometor Kaisar, Kaisarion Aleksandros Helios Kleopatra Selene, Ratu Mauretania Ptolemaios XVI Filadelfos

Kleopatra VII ring hieroglif
Kleopatra Qlwpdrt
​ Nama Horus (1): Wer(et)-neb(et)-neferu-achet-seh Wr(.t)-nb(.t)-nfrw-3ḫ(t)-sy Tuan putri kesempurnaan, cemerlang dalam kebijaksanaan
​ Nama Horus (2): Weret-tut-en-it-es Wr.t-twt-n-jt=s Orang besar, citra suci ayahanda
Kleopatra netjeret mer(et) ites Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts Dewi Kleopatra kesayangan ayahanda

Pustaka

Wit

Wit daring

• Sabino, Rachel; Gross-Diaz, Theresa (2016), Cat. 22 Tetradrachm Portraying Queen Cleopatra VII, Art Institute of Chicago, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.23475.22560, kaaksés 6 March 2018.
• Radio 4 Programmes – A History of the World in 100 Objects, Empire Builders (300 BC – 1 AD), Rosetta Stone, BBC, kaaksés 7 June 2010.
• Mark Antony and Cleopatra, Classical Numismatic Group, 17 May 2010, kaaksés 25 March 2018.
• Grout, James (1 April 2017a), Basalt Statue of Cleopatra, Encyclopaedia Romana (University of Chicago), kaaksés 7 March 2018.
• Grout, James (1 April 2017b), Was Cleopatra Beautiful?, Encyclopaedia Romana (University of Chicago), kaaksés 6 March 2018.
• Muellner, Leonard, A Poetic Etymology of Pietas in the Aeneid, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University, kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 9 April 2018, kaaksés 9 April 2018.
• Plutarch (1920), Plutarch's Lives, katerjemahang olih Bernadotte Perrin, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University), kaaksés 8 March 2018.
• Raia, Ann R.; Sebesta, Judith Lynn (Séptémber 2017), The World of State, College of New Rochelle, kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2018-03-06, kaaksés 6 March 2018.
• Tyldesley, Joyce (6 December 2017), Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, Encyclopædia Britannica, kaaksés 18 May 2018.
• Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (2017) [2001], Portrait Head, British Museum, kaaksés 6 March 2018.
• Reece, Steve (2017), "Cleopatra Couldn't Spell (And Neither Can We!)", ring Groton, Anne Harmar (ed.), Ab Omni Parte Beatus: Classical Essays in Honor of James M. May, Mundelein, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, pp. 201–220, ISBN 9780865168435, LCCN 2017002236, OCLC 969973660, kaaksés 2 Séptémber 2018.

Wit cetak

• Anderson, Jaynie (2003), Tiepolo's Cleopatra, Melbourne: Macmillan, ISBN 9781876832445.
• Ashton, Sally-Ann (2001a), "194 Marble head of a Ptolemaic queen with vulture headdress", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), p. 217, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Ashton, Sally-Ann (2001b), "163 Limestone head of Cleopatra VII", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), p. 164, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Ashton, Sally-Ann (Spring 2002), "Identifying the ROM's 'Cleopatra'", Rotunda, Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum: 36–39.
• Ashton, Sally-Ann (2008), Cleopatra and Egypt, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 9781405113908.
• Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids", ring Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.), Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–99, ISBN 9780521200929.
• Bringmann, Klaus (2007) [2002], A History of the Roman Republic (ring English), katerjemahang olih W. J. Smyth, Cambridge: Polity Press, ISBN 9780745633718.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Brosius, Maria (2006), The Persians: An Introduction, London & New York: Routledge, ISBN 9780415320894.
• Burstein, Stanley M. (2004), The Reign of Cleopatra, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, ISBN 9780313325274.
• Caygill, Marjorie (2009), Treasures of the British Museum, London: British Museum Press (Trustees of the British Museum), ISBN 9780714150628.
• Chauveau, Michel (2000) [1997], Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the Ptolemies (ring English), katerjemahang olih David Lorton, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, ISBN 9780801485763.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Curtius, Ludwig (1933), "Ikonographische Beitrage zum Portrar der romischen Républik und der Julisch-Claudischen Familie", RM (ring German), 48: 182–243, OCLC 633408511.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• DeMaria Smith, Margaret Mary (2011), "HRH Cleopatra: the Last of the Ptolemies and the Egyptian Paintings of Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema", ring Miles, Margaret M. (ed.), Cleopatra : a sphinx revisited, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 150–171, ISBN 9780520243675.
• Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004), The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 9780500051283.
• Dudley, Donald (1960), The Civilization of Rome, New York: New American Library, ISBN 9781258450540.
• Elia, Olga (1955), "La tradizione della morte di Cleopatra nella pittura pompeiana", Rendiconti dell’Accademia di archeologia, lettere e belle arti (ring Italian), 30: 3–7.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Ferroukhi, Mafoud (2001a), "197 Marble portrait, perhaps of Cleopatra VII's daughter, Cleopatra Selene, Queen of Mauretania", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), p. 219, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Ferroukhi, Mafoud (2001b), "262 Veiled head from a marble portrait statue", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), p. 242, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Fletcher, Joann (2008), Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend, New York: Harper, ISBN 9780060585587.
• Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith (2010), Antony and Cleopatra, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, ISBN 9780300165340.
• Grant, Michael (1972), Cleopatra, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; Richard Clay (the Chaucer Press), ISBN 9780297995029.
• Gurval, Robert A. (2011), "Dying Like a Queen: the Story of Cleopatra and the Asp(s) in Antiquity", ring Miles, Margaret M. (ed.), Cleopatra : a sphinx revisited, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 54–77, ISBN 9780520243675.
• Higgs, Peter (2001), "Searching for Cleopatra's image: classical portraits in stone", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), p. 200–209, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Holt, Frank L. (1989), Alexander the Great and Bactria: the Formation of a Greek Frontier in Central Asia, Leiden: E. J. Brill, ISBN 9789004086128.
• Hölbl, Günther (2001) [1994], A History of the Ptolemaic Empire, katerjemahang olih Tina Saavedra, London: Routledge, ISBN 9780415201452.
• Hsia, Chih-tsing (2004), C.T. Hsia on Chinese Literature, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231129909.
• Jones, Prudence J. (2006), Cleopatra: a sourcebook, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 9780806137414.
• Kennedy, David L. (1996), "Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives", ring Kennedy, David L.; Braund, David (eds.), The Roman Army in the East, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, pp. 67–90, ISBN 9781887829182
• Kleiner, Diana E. E. (2005), Cleopatra and Rome, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674019058.
• Lippold, Georg (1936), Die Skulpturen des Vaticanischen Museums (ring German), 3, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., OCLC 803204281.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Meadows, Andrew; Ashton, Sally-Ann (2001), "186 Bronze coin of Cleopatra VII", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), p. 178, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Pfrommer, Michael; Towne-Markus, Elana (2001), Greek Gold from Hellenistic Egypt, Getty Museum Studies on Art, Los Angeles: Getty Publications (J. Paul Getty Trust), ISBN 9780892366330.
• Pina Polo, Francisco (2013), "The Great Seducer: Cleopatra, Queen and Sex Symbol", ring Knippschild, Silke; García Morcillo, Marta (eds.), Seduction and Power: Antiquity in the Visual and Performing Arts, London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 183–197, ISBN 9781441190659.
• Pratt, Frances; Fizel, Becca (1949), Encaustic Materials and Methods, New York: Lear Publishers, OCLC 560769.
• Preston, Diana (2009), Cleopatra and Antony: Power, Love, and Politics in the Ancient World, New York: Walker and Company, ISBN 9780802717382.
• Pucci, Giuseppe (2011), "Every Man's Cleopatra", ring Miles, Margaret M. (ed.), Cleopatra : a sphinx revisited, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 195–207, ISBN 9780520243675.
• Roller, Duane W. (2003), The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier, New York: Routledge, ISBN 9780415305969.
• Roller, Duane W. (2010), Cleopatra: a biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195365535.
• Rowland, Ingrid D. (2011), "The Amazing Afterlife of Cleopatra's Love Potions", ring Miles, Margaret M. (ed.), Cleopatra : a sphinx revisited, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 132–149, ISBN 9780520243675.
• Royster, Francesca T. (2003), Becoming Cleopatra: The Shifting Image of an Icon, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, ISBN 9781403961099
• Sartain, John (1885), On the Antique Painting in Encaustic of Cleopatra: Discovered in 1818, Philadelphia: George Gebbie & Co., OCLC 3806143.
• Schiff, Stacy (2011), Cleopatra: A Life, UK: Random House, ISBN 9780753539569.
• Skeat, T. C. (1953), "The Last Days of Cleopatra: A Chronological Problem", The Journal of Roman Studies, 43: 98–100, doi:10.2307/297786, JSTOR 297786.
• Southern, Patricia (2014) [1998], Augustus (édisi ka-2nd), London: Routledge, ISBN 9780415628389.
• Southern, Patricia (2009) [2007], Antony and Cleopatra: The Doomed Love Affair That United Ancient Rome and Egypt, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, ISBN 9781848683242.
• Varner, Eric R. (2004), Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 9789004135772.
• Walker, Susan (2004), The Portland Vase, British Museum Objects in Focus, British Museum Press, ISBN 9780714150222.
• Walker, Susan (2008), "Cleopatra in Pompeii?", Papers of the British School at Rome, 76: 35–46, 345–8, JSTOR 40311128.
• Walker, Susan (2001), "324 Gilded silver dish, decorated with a bust perhaps representing Cleopatra Selene", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), pp. 312–313, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (2001), "325 Painting with a portrait of a woman in profile", ring Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), pp. 314–315, ISBN 9780691088358.
• Whitehorne, John (1994), Cleopatras, London: Routledge, ISBN 9780415058063
• Woodstra, Chris; Brennan, Gerald; Schrott, Allen (2005), All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music, Ann Arbor, MI: All Media Guide (Backbeat Books), ISBN 9780879308650.
• Wyke, Maria; Montserrat, Dominic (2011), "Glamour Girls: Cleomania in Mass Culture", ring Miles, Margaret M. (ed.), Cleopatra : a sphinx revisited, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 172–194, ISBN 9780520243675.
• Shuckburgh, Evelyn Shirley (1917). A History of Rome to the Battle of Actium (ring Inggris). New York: Macmillan and Company.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Pustaka liyanan

• Bradford, Ernle Dusgate Selby (2000). Cleopatra. Penguin Group. ISBN 9780141390147.
• Flamarion, Edith; Bonfante-Warren, Alexandra (1997). Cleopatra: The Life and Death of a Pharaoh. Harry Abrams. ISBN 9780810928053.
• Foss, Michael (1999). The Search for Cleopatra. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 9781559705035.
• Fraser, P.M. (1985). Ptolemaic Alexandria. 1–3 (édisi ka-reprint). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198142782.
• Lindsay, Jack (1972). Cleopatra. New York: Coward-McCann. OCLC 671705946.
• Nardo, Don (1994). Cleopatra. Lucent Books. ISBN 9781560060239.
• Pomeroy, Sarah B. (1984). Women in Hellenistic Egypt: from Alexander to Cleopatra. New York: Schocken Books. ISBN 9780805239119.
• Southern, Pat (2000). Cleopatra. Tempus. ISBN 9780752414942.
• Syme, Ronald (1962) [1939]. The Roman Revolution. Oxford University Press. OCLC 404094.
• Volkmann, Hans (1958). Cleopatra: a Study in Politics and Propaganda. T.J. Cadoux, trans. New York: Sagamore Press. OCLC 899077769.
• Weigall, Arthur E. P. Brome (1914). The Life and Times of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. Edinburgh: Blackwood. OCLC 316294139.

Pranala jaba

• Gambaran Romawi Kuno indik Kleopatra VII, Ratu Mesir, ring YouTube
• Mal:In Our Time
• Kleopatra (1852), buku bacaan kanak-kanak Zaman Victoria karya Jacob Abbott, edisi Project Gutenberg
• "Kematian Misterius Kleopatra" di Discovery Channel
• Kleopatra VII di BBC History
• Kleopatra VII di Ancient History Encyclopedia
• Eubanks, W. Ralph. (1 November 2010). "Bagaimana Sejarah dan Hollywood Keliru Memahami 'Kleopatra'". National Public Radio (NPR) (sebuah ulasan buku Cleopatra: A Life, karya Stacy Schiff).
• Jarus, Owen (13 Maret 2014). "Kleopatra: Fakta & Biografi". Live Science.
• Watkins, Thayer. "Lini Masa Kehidupan Kleopatra Archived 2021-08-13 at the Wayback Machine." Universitas Negeri San Jose.
• Draycott, Jane (22 Méi 2018). "Anak Perempuan Kleopatra: Jika Antonius dan Kleopatra terabadikan dalam sejarah dan dalam budaya populer, anak-anak mereka sama sekali dilupakan orang. Anak perempuan mereka, Kleopatra Selene, menjadi seorang penguasa penting atas usaha sendiri." History Today.

Kléopatra Wangsa Ptolemaios Embas: 69 SM Seda: 30 SM
Gelar kebangsawanan
Sadurungné olih: Ptolemaios XII	Ratu Mesir 51–30 SM bersama dengan Ptolemaios XII, Ptolemaios XIII, Ptolemaios XIV, Ptolemaios XV	Jabatan dihapuskan Mesir dianeksasi Républik Romawi